Coding metasurfaces can manipulate electromagnetic wave in real time with high degree of freedom, the fascinating properties of which enrich the metasurface design with a wide range of application prospects. However, most of the coding metasurfaces are designed based on external excitation framework with the wired electrical or wireless light control devices, thus inevitably causing the interference with electromagnetic wave transmission and increasing the complexity of the metasurface design. In this work, a simplistic framework of single-pixel-programmable metasurfaces integrated with a capsuled LED array is proposed to dynamically control electromagnetic wave. The framework fully embeds the photoresistor in the meta-atom, controlling the LED array to directly illuminate the photoresistor to modulate the phase response. With this manner, the complex biasing network is transformed to the universal LED array, which means the physical control framework can be transformed to a software framework, and thus the functions of the metasurface can be freely manipulated by encoding the capsuled LED array avoiding mutual coupling of adjacent meta-atoms in real time. All the results verify that the far-field scattering pattern can be customized with this single-pixel-programmable metasurface. Encouragingly, this work provides a universal framework for coding metasurface design, which lays the foundation for metasurface intelligent perception and adaptive modulation.

分布储能式电磁轨道炮在长导轨发射中具备高发射效率优势，为实现分布储能式电磁轨道炮的恒流特点，建立可供发射器参数、结构设计参考的仿真模型尤为重要。针对口径为60 mm×80 mm的矩形轨道炮，根据电流波形的平稳性要求，沿导轨方向设置电流馈入点，诊断电枢位置并分时序触发各馈入点电源，以测试分布储能式电磁轨道炮的工作性能。在COMSOL三维磁场中建立矩形导轨-电枢模型，基于电流和磁场的多物理场耦合有限元分析得到磁场和电流的分布，并利用电磁场仿真结果实现电流趋肤效应下轨道电阻梯度计算。基于MATLAB SIMULINK平台对电容储能型脉冲功率电源模块建立电气电路；分析分布储能式电磁轨道炮非线性时变的动态特性并建立轨道及电枢阻抗模型，计算正向电磁力、滑动摩擦力构造电枢的运动方程，并使用信号电路建立电枢-导轨模块，通过Simulink测量模块连接两个隔离的网络，仿真计算得到导轨电流及电枢的出膛速度。设计了总储能为4.16 MJ的分布式储能轨道炮，结果显示，电容预充电压为10.8 kV时，导轨长为3 m的分布式电磁轨道炮可将1 kg的弹丸加速至1.4 km/s，与炮尾集中式电磁轨道炮相比，系统发射效率可提升约3%。